Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruption 2025: Facts, Map & Impact | Ethiopia Shield Volcano Explained

Location: Afar Region, Ethiopia (13.5°N, 40.72°E)

Type: Shield volcano (southernmost of the Erta Ale Range)

Summit height: 521 m (1,709 ft)

First recorded eruption: November 23, 2025 (after 12,000 years dormant)

Status: Eruption stopped, large ash plume active

Quick Facts

Located just 15 km from the active Erta Ale volcano .
No known record of eruption during Holocene period (last ~12,000 years) .
Sudden explosive activity sent ash clouds up to 14 km high across the Afar region .
Ash cloud drifted across the Red Sea toward Oman, Yemen, and Northern India, disrupting flights .
Sits at the triple junction of the Arabian, Nubian, and Somali tectonic plates .
Population density in region is very low, so risk to humans was minor .
Eruption was monitored with satellite and volcanic ash advisories .

Scientific Background

Hayli Gubbi is a shield volcano formed by tectonic activity at the East African Rift. Its summit includes a graben and central scoria cone, with fissure systems causing historical lava flows. The volcano’s remote desert location and proximity to Erta Ale means it’s part of Ethiopia’s most volcanically active landscape .

Eruption Timeline & Impact

Nov 23, 2025: Eruption detected—ash plume to 45,000 feet (14 km).
Ash cloud traveled east, prompting aviation warnings from Africa to India .
Local media reported moderate tremors, but no casualties due to sparse population .
Flight rerouting: Several routes were adjusted or cancelled, especially India-bound flights .
Meteorological agencies continue to monitor for further eruptions or ash drift .

Map & Location

Afar region, Ethiopia—just southeast of Erta Ale volcano.

Why Is Hayli Gubbi Famous?

It erupted after 10,000+ years, a rare event for dormant volcanoes .
The ash plume affected air travel across continents .
Located in one of Earth’s most geologically active rift valleys .

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